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Objective:To optimize the clinical nursing pathway, service program and evaluation parameters of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI), for references for the cost accounting and compensation mechanism of nursing program in public hospitals.Methods:After literature analysis and group discussion, the initial templates were constructed for the PCI clinical nursing pathway, nursing service projects, and their evaluation parameters. 15 experts were consulted by two rounds of Delphi method to optimize PCI nursing path, nursing service items and their evaluation parameters (basic labor consumption, basic time consumption, technical difficulty and risk degree).Results:Two rounds of Delphi method finally determined the PCI clinical nursing path and 27 nursing service items, and adjusted the evaluation parameters of 10 nursing service items. The new projects for PCI clinical nursing services included adjustment and review of dual antiplatelet therapy plans, postoperative rehabilitation nursing, and key project verification. The three nursing service projects with the highest level of technical difficulty and risk were intravenous blood transfusion, gastric catheterization, and gastrointestinal decompression. The two items with the highest importance assigned were high pump assisted arterial/venous infusion (blood) and invasive continuous arterial blood pressure monitoring.Conclusions:The PCI clinical nursing pathway and nursing service project constructed in this study could closely integrate with clinical practice, highlight the integrated nursing service model, and reflect the labor value of nurses.
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Objective:To improve the early graded rehabilitation nursing model suitable for postoperative children with congenital heart disease, providing reference for related research and clinical practice.Methods:Searched databases like JBI, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data and related websites for information on postoperative rehabilitation of children with congenital heart disease. We improved the first draft model with qualitative interview results and used Delphi method to conduct two rounds of consultation for 16 experts from 6 provinces and cities to further test the scientific and feasibility of the model.Results:The early graded rehabilitation nursing model for postoperative children with congenital heart disease includes 4 first-level items, 15 second-level items and 48 third-level items. The 4 first-level items are the evaluation of the early graded rehabilitation nursing model, the grading standard of the early graded rehabilitation nursing model, the implementation of the early graded rehabilitation nursing model, the effect evaluation and health education. Experts′ response rates were 100% in the 2 rounds, experts′ authority coefficient were 0.82 and 0.84 respectively, and the Kendall′ s W rank-order correlation coefficients of all levels of indicators were 0.188-0.246, 0.223-0.287 (all P<0.01). Conclusions:The improved early graded rehabilitation nursing model for postoperative children with congenital heart disease is scientific, pertinence and safe, which can provide guidance for clinical rehabilitation nursing practice.
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Infectious diarrhea is an important public health problem, which has a significant impact on global disease burden. Under the background of climate change, rainstorms increase and floods occur frequently. Most studies show that the incidences of infectious diarrhea disease increase significantly after rainstorm and flood events. However, there is a lack of systematic summary on the path of rainstorm and flood events affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea, including the key links and mechanisms underlying environmental-social interaction. This study comprehensively combed the literature from environmental factors, socio-economic and cultural factors, and population and individual susceptibility factors. The potential mechanisms of infectious diarrhea caused by rainstorm and flood events were discussed from the aspects of spreading of pathogens, affecting sanitation facilities and (or) drinking water treatment infrastructure, the regulatory role of individual and behavioral factors, and long-term effects. Based on the "pressure-state-response" model, a social driving process model of rainstorm and flood leading to incidence of infectious diarrhea was constructed. This model could provide reference for future quantitative modeling and other research directions. It is helpful to guide the public health departments to accurately identify factors affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea after rainstorm and flood, so as to take targeted intervention measures.
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Objective:To summarize the treatments and outcomes of patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), so as to improve the management of the disease and improve the quality of life of the patients.Methods:Clinical data of 82 children with CGD hospitalized at Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and born between January 1999 and December 2016 were collected.Patients were divided into the survival group and the death group.The general information, infectious events and inflammatory complications, as well as treatments and survival situations were analyzed.Results:Among the 82 cases, 55 cases (67.1%) were in the survival group and 27 cases (32.9%) were in the death group.Forty-nine (59.8%) cases developed manifestations in the neonatal period.Specifically, there was a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) in the proportion of patients who deve-loped manifestations in the neonatal period between the death group (81.5%) and the survival group (49.1%). Fifty-eight (70.7%) cases started to receive Compound Sulfamethoxazole since diagnosis, with an average duration of 36.8 months.Fifty-two (63.4%) cases received Voriconazole or Itraconazole to prevent fungal infection, with an average duration of 34.3 months.There were 288 hospitalizations due to infections in total.The detection rate of bacteria, fungi and mycobacterium tuberculosis was 41.3%, and the rate in the death group (51.8%) was higher than that in the survival group (36.9%)( P<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia onion and Escherichia coli were the most frequent bacteria detected, among which Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were all exten-ded-spectrum β-lactamases positive.The use of advanced-antibiotics in the death group (70.4%) was higher than that in the survival group (40.0%) ( P<0.05). Seventeen (20.7%) cases developed inflammatory complications, mainly including interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and incomplete Kawasaki disease.Thirty-two (39.0%) cases received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), of which 25 patients (78.1%) were transplanted in Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, with a success rate of 96.0% (24/25 cases). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a worse prognosis in those who developed manifestations in neonates, rely on advanced-antibiotics, and did not receive transplantations. Conclusions:The earlier the clinical manifestations appear, and the higher the utilization rate of advanced-antibiotics used, the more serious the condition is.Conservative treatment with drugs is still insufficient, and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria increases the difficulty of managements.The recognition and treatments of inflammatory complications needs more explorations.HSCT is so far the only curative therapy for CGD in China.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content determination of inorganic elements in Cyperus rotundus ，and to compare the contents of 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas ，and to provide theoretical basis for its quality control and high quality resources development . METHODS ：The samples were processed by microwave digestion，and ICP-MS method was used to determine the contents of Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Se，Sr，Cd and Pb. SPSS 23.0 software were used for principal component analysis （PCA）and cluster analysis. RESULTS ：The average contents of above 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas were 168.62，753.71， 6 938.33，24.31，14.69，197.77，0.60，2.43，26.89，0.21，0.06，5.64，0.05，0.32 mg/kg，respectively. The results of PCA showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components was 86.203％，which could reflect most of the information of the original data. C. rotundus from Shandong ，Jiangxi，Shanxi，Hubei and Yunnan ranked the top five places in terms of comprehensive score of inorganic element contents. The results of cluster analysis showed that the samples from 9 producing areas were clustered into 5 categories，showing the characteristics of clustering by producing area. From the perspective of inorganic elements ，the quality of C. rotundus from East China ，Central China ，North China and Southwest China was better than that from South China. CONCLUSIONS ：Essential trace elements like Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Cu，Zn，Sr are rich in C. rotundus，and there are small amounts of Ni ，As，Se，Cd，Pb elements in it. The contents difference of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different origins may related to the geographical area it belongs to.
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OBJECTIVE： To estab lish the method for simultaneous determination of the contents of cyperotundone ， nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in the volatile oil of Cyperus rotundus ，compare the content differences of 4 components in C. rotundus samples from different origins ，and to provide reference for germplasm screening ，development and utilization of the medicinal material. METHODS ：The volatile oil was extracted from 46 batches of C. rotundus from 12 origins. The contents of cypermenone，nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in volatile oil were determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （68∶32，V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min；the column temperature was 30 ℃；the detection wavelength was set at 242 nm；the sample size was 20 μL. Using the contents of above 4 components as evaluation indexes ，radar image analysis ，cluster thermal map analysis and principal component analysis were performed for comparing the quality of C. rotundus from different origins. RESULTS ：The results of content determination methodology investigation met relevant requirements ；the total contents of 4 components in volatile oil from C. rotundus from different origins ranged from 136.986 4 to 538.832 1 mg/g，of which the total content of samples from Yunnan was the highest （the average value was 476.059 2 mg/g）. Radar image analysis results showed that the whole contour in the 4 origins of Guangdong ， Jiangxi，Guangxi and Yunnan was large relatively and better balanced ，among which the samples from Yunnan had the largest overall contour and the best balance. The cluster thermal map analysis results showed that the samples from 12 origins could be grouped into 2 categories，the first category was from Hubei ，Jiangxi，Yunnan，Sichuan，Guangdong，Shandong，Henan and Shaanxi；the second category was from Guangxi ，Shanxi，Anhui and Hainan ；the quality of samples from the first category were better than that of samples from the second category. The principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 96.1％，and the samples from 12 origins were mainly clustered into two categories ，which was consistent with the results of cluster thermal map analysis. CONCLUSIONS ：Established HPLC method can be used for simultaneous determination of cypermenone ，nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in volatile oil of C. rotundus from different origins. Among the samples from 12 origins，the quality of medicinal material from Yunnan is better.
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Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) is a kind of chronic inflammatory factor which par‐ticipates in occurrence and development of coronary atherosclerotic plaques .In recent years ,intraluminal imaging research found that Lp‐PLA2 can trigger vulnerable plaque formation , then further lead to plaque rupture and thromboembolism ,and finally cause acute cardiovascular events .The present article made a review about relation‐ship between Lp‐PLA2 and coronary atherosclerotic plaque and its research progress .
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism underlying inhibition of inflammatory responses induced by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)agonist postcondition?ing alone or in combination with remote limb ischemic postconditioning during myocardial ischemia?reperfu?sion(I∕R)and glycogen synthase kinase?3β(GSK?3β)in rats. Methods Eighty adult male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 290-320 g, were divided into 4 groups(n=20 each)using a ran?dom number table: I∕R group, α7nAChR agonist postconditioning group(group P), remote limb ische?mic postconditioning group(group L)and α7nAChR agonist postconditioning plus remote limb ischemic postconditioning group(group P+L). Myocardial I∕R was induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. Specific α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 2 mg∕kg was intravenously injected immediately before reperfusion in group P. In group L, limb ischemia was induced by tourniquet occlusion of bilateral hind paws for 10 min starting from 20 min of myocardial ischemia, and the tourniquet was released at the beginning of reperfusion. Combination of inter?vention measures previously described in P and L groups was performed in group P+L. Venous blood sam?ples were taken at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of serum troponin I(TnI)and creatine kinase?MB(CK?MB)concentrations, myocardial infarct size(IS)and expression of phosphorylated GSK?3β [p?GSK?3β(Ser536)], NF?κBp65 and phosphorylated nuclear factor?κBp65(p?NF?κBp65)in myocar?dial tissues(by Western blot). Results Compared with group I∕R, myocardial IS and serum cTnI and CK?MB concentrations were significantly decreased, the expression of p?GSK?3β(Ser9)in ischemic area was up?regulated, and the expression of p?NF?κBp65 in ischemic area was down?regulated in P, L and P+L groups(P<0.05). Compared with group L, myocardial IS and serum cTnI and CK?MB concentrations were significantly decreased, the expression of p?GSK?3β(Ser9)in ischemic area was up?regulated, and the expression of p?NF?κBp65 in ischemic area was down?regulated in group P+L(P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism by which α7nAChR agonist postconditioning alone or in combination with remote limb is?chemic postconditioning inhibits inflammatory responses during myocardial I∕R may be related to inhibiting GSK?3β activity in rats.
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Objective To explore the clinical manifestations and radiological features of cystic fibrosis (CF) in children.Methods The clinical and radiographic data of 5 CF patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 5 cases,there are 3 males and 2 females,aging from 2 to 13 years old (median age 6).Four of the five cases had complaints of repeated productive cough with or without fever and short breath.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was positive in sputum culture of three cases.Chest CT showed pneumonia and bronchiectasis with peribronchial thickening and mucus plugging.Paranasal CT showed frontal sinus agenesis and sinusitis with sticky secretion.The other one of the 5 cases had a complaint of abnormal hepatic function.The abdominal MRI showed liver cirrhosis and high signal intensity in the periportal area on T1-weighted imaging.Chest CT showed air trapping from small airways obstruction and bronchiectasis with sputum plugging.Five recurrent and two novel CFTR mutations were identified in all of the 5 cases.Conclusions The radiographic findings of CF are characteristic,and of great significance to the clinical diagnosis of CF.The gene mutations of CF in Chinese are different from those in Caucasians.
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Objective:To explore the feasibility and efficacy of short peptide enteral nutrition in preoperative bowel preparation for patients with gynecological laparoscopy.Methods:A total of 100 patients with gynecological laparoscopy were randomized into the trial group (n =50) and the control group (n =50) by using the random number table method.Patients in the study group received short peptide enteral nutrition for three days before operation without mechanical bowel preparation.Patients in the control group received traditional liguid diet and mechanical bowel preparation.The satisfaction of bowel preparation,postoperative anal exhaust time,hospitalization time and nutritionrelated parameters were compared between the two groups.Results:Doctor's satisfaction of bowel preparation in the study group was significantly higher than the control group (90％ vs 64％) (P ＜ 0.01).Postoperative anal exhaust time and hospitalization time were shorter in the control group (both P ＜ 0.05).The levels of postoperative albumin and hemoglobin in study group were significantly higher than the control group (bothP ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Short peptide EN in preoperative bowel preparation of gynecological laparoscopy reveals a better efficacy and safety,a better recovery in postoperative intestinal function and nutritional status,and a shorter postoperative hospitalization time.It is well worth clinical promotion.
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Objective To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)or Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT-3)signaling pathways in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury by combination of limb ischemic and morphine postconditioning in rats.Methods Eighty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 280-320 g,were used in the study.Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.The rats were divided into 8 groups(n=10 each)using a random number table:I/R group,limb ischemic postconditioning group(LIP group),morphine postconditioning group(group MP),combination of limb ischemic and morphine postconditioning group(LIP+MP group)and signaling pathway blocker groups(I/Rb group,LIPb group,MPb group,LIP+MPb group).In I/R,LIP,MP and LIP+MP groups,the animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion,and myocardial specimens in ischemic and non-ischemic regions were obtained for determination of phosphorylated STAT-3(p-STAT-3),STAT-3,phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)and Akt expression(by Western blot)and STAT-3 and Akt mRNA expression(by polymerase chain reaction).In I/Rb,LIPb,MPb and LIP+MPb groups,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway blocker LY294002 0.3 mg/kg was intravenously injected in 5 rats of each group,and JAK/STAT-3 signaling pathway blocker AG490 5 mg/kg was intravenously injected in the other 5 rats of each group.The animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion,and myocardial specimens in the ischemic region were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size.Results Compared with I/R group,the p-STAT-3/STAT-3 ratio in LIP,MP and LIP+MP groups and p-Akt/Akt ratio in LIP+MP group were significantly increased,and the expression of STAT-3 and Akt mRNA was up-regulated in LIP+MP group(P0.05).When JAK2 inhibitor AG490 was applied,the myocardial infarct size was significantly smaller in LIP+MPb group than in I/Rb,LIPb and MPb groups(P0.05).Conclusion Combination of limb ischemic and morphine postconditioning can enhance the activation of PI3K/Akt or JAK/STAT-3 signaling pathways,and the cardioprotection is dependent on the integrity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and partially dependent on the integrity of the JAK/STAT-3 signaling pathway when applied in combination in rats.
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Total 967 patients with diabetes mellitus treated in Morindawa People's Hospital from June 2012 to June 2014 were included in the study,among them 425 (44.0％) were of Daur nationality and 542 (56.0％) were of Han nationality.The clinical data and laboratory tests were analyzed and compared between two groups.Compared with Han nationality,Daur patients presented a younger average age[(55 ± 1 1) y vs.(58 ± 1 0) y,P=0.000],an earlier age of onset[(50±10)y vs.(53 ± 1 1) y,P=0.000],a higher percentage of males (54.8％ vs.46.9％,P =0.008),a higher percentage of rural residents (42.1％ vs.36.2％,P =0.034),a lower level of fasting blood-glucose (FBG) [(9.25 ± 3.37) mmol/L vs.(10.28 ±4.33) mmol/L,P =0.000],higher levels of HbA1c [(7.61 ± 1.71)％ vs.(7.29 ± 1.63)％,P=0.008],triglyceride (TG) [(2.91 ±2.06) mmol/L vs.(2.36 ±2.13) mmol/L,P =0.008],low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [(3.22 ± 1.06) mmol/L vs.(3.01 ±0.92)mmol/L,P=0.020],systolic blood pressure (SBP) [(139.48 ± 21.58) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(136.37 ± 23.44) mmHg,P =0.002],diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [(87.23 ± 12.59) mmHg vs.(85.32 ± 12.52) mmHg,P =0.019],blood uric acid [(324.97 ± 106.45) μmol/L vs.(285.32 ± 98.69) μmol/L,P =0.000] and the ratio of urine microalbumin to urine creatinine [(2.29 ±5.57) mg/g vs.(0.12 ±0.98) mg/g,P =0.000].The results show that Daur diabetic patients are.younger in age,with more severe disorders in HbA1 c,blood pressure,blood uric acid and lipids levels,which increase the probability of renal damage or cardiovascular diseases in these patients.
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Objective To describe the prevalence and risk factors of insomnia among adults in YiBin City. Meth?ods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 12000 subjects over 18 years old were identified in YiBin City. The subjects were screened using the insomnia survey self-edited and risk factors of insomnia were identified through logistic analysis. Results A total of 11227 subjects completed the survey in which 1671 people (14.9%, 95%CI:14.2%~15.5%) were diagnosed insomnia using ICD-10. Among them, 9.4% (157 patients) had seeked for professional help. The multi?variate logistic analysis showed that low level of life quality(OR=2.42,P<0.01), jobless(OR=1.87,P<0.01), over 60 years old(OR=1.69,P<0.01), fewer years of education(OR=1.41,P<0.01), female(OR=1.41,P<0.01)and lower annu?al per capita income(OR=1.15,P=0.01)were risk factors in insomnia people. Conclusion The incidence of insomnia is high in YiBin city. Sleep quality in high-risk group needs more attention and corresponding measures should be taken in order to increase the rate of asking for help in insomnia people.
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Objective To evaluate whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) could increase the angiogenic responses in preterm rat models with periventricular white matter damage (PWMD).Methods Three-day postnatal rats were divided into 3 groups randomly:the sham group,the hypoxic-ischemic (HI) group and the recombinant human erythropoietin(rh-EPO)treatment group.Rat pups underwent permanent ligation of the right common carotid artery followed by 60 mL/L O2 for 4 h or sham operation and normoxic exposure.Immediately after the HI,rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of rh-EPO (5 U/g)or saline.Angiogenesis-related cells (CD34 + cells),microvessel density (MVD)and arteriovenous related genes (ephrinB2 and EphB4)were examined at 48 h and 96 h after operation.Results At 48 h after operation,the proteins of CD34 in HI rats increased compared with the sham rats (HI group vs Sham group:0.54 ± 0.05 vs 0.42 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).However,the MVD,the mRNA of ephrinB2 and EphB4 did not change (P ＞ 0.05).The proteins of CD34,the mRNA of ephrinB2 and EphB4 increased after rh-EPO treatment compared with HI rats.However,the MVD did not increase.As the proteins of CD34 increased further at 96 h after operation (HI group vs Sham group:0.85 ± 0.06 vs 0.62 ± 0.06,P ＜ 0.05),the MVD (3.14 ± 1.21 vs 1.50 ± 1.04),ephrinB2 (7.51 ± 1.89 vs 1.28 ± 0.24) and EphB4 (4.58 ± 0.82 vs 1.21 ± 0.22) also increased (all P ＜ 0.05).And the proteins of CD34 increased after administration of rh-EPO(EPO group vs HI group:0.98 ± 0.07 vs 0.85 ± 0.06,P ＜0.05) and MVD(EPO group vs HI group:4.71 ± 1.38 vs 3.14 ± 1.21,P ＜0.05) were increased after administration of rh-EPO.However,the ephrinB2 and EphB4 did not increased after administration of rh-EPO at 96h time point.Conclusion Endogenous regenerative response is triggered in the damaged tissues and rh-EPO increases the angiogenesis in model rats with PWMD.
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Objective To evaluate the clfB typing method in discriminating the ST239 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients under nosocomial infection in Tianjin first central hospital so as to access the clinical risk factors and outcomes of the MRSA nosocomial infection from ICU and non-ICU departments.Methods Forty-two stains of MRSA with known SCCmec type were chosen in both ICU (n=35) and non-ICU (n=7) wards,from 2006 to 2012,of which MLST genotype was ST239.Clinical risk factors and rates on drug resistant to MRSA were counted,respectively.Results All the isolates of MRSA belonged to the same lineage 3 and 6 heplotypes,based on clfB variable-number random repeats typing.Thirty-five isolates from ICU belonged to 6 heplotypes,among which clfB3-52,3-52E,3-50,3-52C,3-50A and 3-50E were accouted for 42.9％,37.1％,8.6％,5.7％,2.9％ and 2.9％,respectively.Seven isolates from non-ICU belonged to 3 heplotypes,in which 3-52,3-52E and 3-50 were accouted for 42.8％,28.6％,28.6％,respectively.When clfB typing was combined with SCCmec typing in use,results showed that the index of discrimination as 0.767,better than clfB (ID=0.688) or SCCmec (ID=0.303) used alone.SCCmec Ⅲ-clfB3-52E seemed as the major clone among the 10 heplotypes of clfB/SCCmec typing,which was accounted for 40.4％.There were significant differences on the length of hospitalization (P＜0.005) and the duration of antibiotics use (P＜0.05) between ICU and non-ICU.Conclusion The clfB typing method which was based on variable-numbers of tandom repeats showed powerful ability of resolution.It could also be combined with MLST and SCCmec typing to be used in local epidemiological investigations.
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Objective To investigate the alterations in oligodendrocyte and microglia and changes in neurobehavior after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUcMSCs) intervention on the newborn rat model of white matter damage (WMD) induced by hypoxia-ischemia.Methods After the operation of left common carotid artery ligation and 4 h hypoxia (6％ O2 and 94％ N2),twelve three-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats died and the remaining sixty rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The first day was 0 to 24 h after birth.Rats of the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected the fourth generation HUcMSCs 1 × 106 (0.05 ml) on the third,fourth and fifth day respectively.At the same time,rats of the control group were intraperitoneally injected phosphate buffer (0.05 ml).Eight rats of each group were executed on the tenth and twenty first day respectively to detect the number of cells positive for myelin basic protein (MBP) and ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) staining by immunohistochemistry.Three rats of each group were executed on the tenth and twenty first day respectively to detect MBP and ED-1 expression by western blot.Eight rats of each group were weighed and underwent the neurobehavioral evaluation on the twenty eighth day.Data were analyzed using t test.Results On the tenth and twenty first day,the numbers of MBP-positive cells in the experimental group (11.8 ± 4.1 and 23.8± 8.1) were significantly higher than those in the control group (6.7±3.1 and 11.5 ± 5.8,t=-2.81 and 3.49,both P＜0.05) ; and the numbers of ED-1 positive cells in the experimental group (20.8 ± 3.4 and 19.1 ± 2.8) were significantly lower than those in the control group (32.8±4.2 and 29.5±5.2,t=6.23 and 4.93,both P＜0.01).On the tenth and twenty first day,MBP expressions in the experimental group (1.3 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1) were higher than those in the control group (0.8±0.0 and 0.6±0.1,t=-7.53 and 6.68,both P＜0.01) ; and the ED-1 expressions in the experimental group (0.6±0.1 and 0.4±0.1) were lower than those in the control group (1.0±0.1 and 0.8±0.1,t=3.09 and 4.90,both P＜0.01).Weight on the seventh,tenth,fourteenth,twenty first and twenty eighth day in the experimental group [(15.0± 1.2),(16.6±0.9),(27.0± 1.6),(44.2±2.3) and (68.1 ±4.2) g] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(12.7 ± 1.6),(13.5 ± 2.0),(23.6 ± 1.9),(38.4± 0.9) and (60.0± 4.2) g,t=-3.11,-3.97,3.67,-6.52 and-3.72,all P＜0.05].On the twenty eighth day,the score of open field test in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (36.5 ± 2.9 vs 24.3 ± 3.6,t=7.36,P＜0.01).So was the hanging test (3.6± 1.0 vs 2.0±0.7,t=3.53,P＜0.01).In Cylinder test,the ratio of left/both and right/both forefeet in the experimental group were similar [(49.8± 13.3) ％ vs (41.4±5.9) ％,t=0.86,P＞0.05],but the ratio of left/both forefeet in the control group was higher than right/both [(49.5 ± 11.3) ％ vs (31.2±3.2) ％,t=4.38,P＜0.01].Conclusions HUcMSCs are able to enhance the number of oligodendrocytes while weaken the activity of microglias in the WMD newborn rat model,and to promote the physical development and improve the rat neurobehavior.
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Objective To investigate the effects and the migration mechanisms of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR-4) in rats with white matter damage treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs).Methods A total of 108 three-day old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the experimental group,control group and sham group.The left common carotid artery was ligated and then exposed to hypoxia of 6％ O2 and 94％ N2 in rats in the experimental and control groups.Rats in sham group were neither ligation nor hypoxia.After 24 hours,rats in the experimental group were administered 0.5 ml hUC-MSCs (1 × 106/ml) intraperitoneally,and rats in control and sham groups were administered 0.5 ml saline by the same way.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR-4 protein and mRNA in 5-,7-and 14-day-old rats.Analysis of variance and the LSD test were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results HE staining showed that,in 14 day-old rats of the experimental group,bilateral cerebral ventricles were similar with no cellular edema or necrocytosis.In the sham group,bilateral cerebral ventricles were also normal.However,in the control group,ventriculomegaly,cellular degeneration and necrocytosis were observed on the left side.On the 5th,7th and 14th day,SDF-1 protein levels were 0.15±0.06,0.24±0.01 and 0.12±0.01,and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.35±0.16,0.60±0.21 and 0.72±0.25,respectively,in the experimental group; SDF-1 protein levels were 0.13 ± 0.01,0.16± 0.01 and 0.08± 0.01,and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.18 ± 0.04,0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.25 ± 0.06,respectively,in the control group,and all were higher than those in the sham group (SDF-1 protein levels were 0.03 ± 0.01,0.04± 0.01 and 0.02±0.01; and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.04±0.02,0.05±0.03 and 0.05±0.03,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).SDF-1 protein increased to a peak on the 7th day and decreased on the 14th day in the experimental group,however,these values were both higher than those in the control group (LSD test,both P＜0.05).CXCR-4 protein increased on the 5th day and continued to increase up to the 14th day in the experimental group,and these values were higher than those in the control group at the three time points (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In 5-,7-and 14-day-old rats,SDF-1 mRNA levels were 3.52 ± 0.33,4.18± 0.28 and 2.60± 0.21,respectively,in the experimental group,which were higher than those in the control group (2.07± 0.34,3.73 ± 0.28 and 2.08± 0.15,respectively),and were even higher than those in the sham group (0.99±0.17,1.00±0.16 and 1.31 ±0.32,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the experimental group,SDF-1 mRNA levels reached a peak on the 7th day,and on the 14th day,it decreased to the level lower than that on the 5th day (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the control group,SDF-1 mRNA levels also reached a peak in 7-day-old rats,but not in 14-day-old rats,which was similar to 5-day old rats (LSD test,9＞0.05).In 5-,7 and 14-day-old rats of the experimental group,CXCR-4 mRNA levels were 1.32±0.29,1.75±0.36 and 2.33±0.49,respectively,higher than those in the sham group (1.00±0.16,0.94±0.16 and 0.81±0.14,respectively) and the control group (0.97±0.14,0.97±0.15 and 1.07±0.25,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the experimental group,CXCR-4 mRNA levels were higher in 14-day-old rats than that in 5-and 7-day-old rats (LSD test,both P＜0.05).Conclusions SDF-1/CXCR-4 may play a vital role in the migration of hUC-MSCs homing to damaged brain.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of determining the chemical composition of kidney stones using gemstone spectral imaging ( GSI ).Methods One hundred and sixty eight extracted human kidney stones immersed in a 10 cm deep water tank underwent CT (Discovery CT750 HD) scans with GSI mode and conventional polychromatic imaging ( CPI,120 kVp) mode.All GSI data were transferred to Workstation AW 4.4 to acquire monochromatic images of 50 keY,effective atomic number (Zeff) mapping images,water (calcium)-based images and calcium (Water)-based images with GSI Viewer.CT numbers of stones were measured and compared at 50 keV monochromatic images and 120 kVp polychromatic images,the mean Zeff,calcium density and water density were measured at Zeff mapping images,Calcium (Water) -based images and Water (Calcium)-based images,respectively.The mean Zeff,spectral HU curve slope and calcium water ratio (CWR) were compared with ANOVA and Wilcoxon test.The composition of kidney stones was determined by infrared spectrometer after CT examination.According to the result of stone composition determined by infrared spectroscopy,108 pure kidney stones were divided into five groups:Uric acid stones ( UA,n = 13 ),struvite stones ( STR,n = 24),cystine stones ( CYS,n = 14),calcium phosphate stones ( CaP,n = 18),and calcium oxalate stones ( COX,n = 39).ResultsThe mean Zeff,CWR,the mean CT numbers at 50 keV images,120 kVp images and spectral HU curve slope of each group were listed as the following:UA [ 7.4 ± 0.4,0.0085 ± 0.0021,( 503 ± 168 ) HU,(495 ± 106 ) HU and - 0.77 ] ; STR [ 11.8 ± 0.9,0.1743 ± 0.0677,( 1056 ± 290 ) HU,( 799 ± 165 ) HU and 18.72 ] ; CYS [ 11.2 ± 0.6,0.1253 ± 0.0297,( 740 ± 172 ) HU,( 565 ± 129 ) HU and 12.79 ] ; CaP [ 16.0 ± 0.4,0.6781 ± 0.0952,( 2567 ±178 ) HU,( 1602 ± 200 ) HU and 37.14 ] ; COX [ 15.4 ± 0.4,0.5683 ± 0.0759,( 2267 ± 385 ) HU,( 1489 ±284) HU and 36.36 ],there were significant differences among groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The differences in the mean Zeff,CRW,spectral HU curve slope were statistically significant among the five groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Spectral CT imaging provides a new method to characterize the kidney stones with the information orovided by mean Zeff,CRW and the CT numbers at 50 keV.
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A comprehensive medical image platform built for medical images network access, measurements and virtual surgery navigation needs the support of medical image databases. The medical image database we built contains two-dimensional images and three-dimensional models. The common databases based on DICOM storing do not meet the requirements. We use the technology of DICOM conversion to convert DICOM into BMP images and indispensable data elements, and then we use the BMP images and indispensable data elements to reconstruct the three-dimensional model. The reliability of DICOM data conversion is verified, and on this basis, a human hip joint medical image database is built. Experimental results show that this method used in building the medical image database can not only meet the requirements of database application, but also greatly reduce the amount of database storage.
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Humans , Database Management Systems , Diagnostic Imaging , Hip Joint , Diagnostic Imaging , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Radiography , Radiology Information SystemsABSTRACT
Seed morphology of 17 Dendrobium species from Yunnan were observed under light microscope and environment scanning electron microscope and 16 of them were reported first time. All seeds were yellow and fusiform, but big differences existed in sizes of seeds and embryos, which were not significantly related to the division of sections under Dendrobium. Dendrobium seed consisted of embryo and testa with flocs on its cell walls. The density and length of flocs were different among the sections under Dendrobium.